5. The Meaning of Bias and How it is Related to Margin of Error

Bias refers to systematic errors in the sampling or data collection process that lead to inaccurate estimates of the population parameter. Bias can occur if a survey is not representative of the population, for example.

Margin of error quantifies the uncertainty or variability in the estimate. A smaller margin of error means a more precise estimate, but if there is bias, no margin of error will fully correct for it.

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